Problem is not the steady-state use, problem is boot. You have no control there. At boot the MCU draws a lot more power, in a surge that exceeds the conventional capacitors current and ripple, according to some sources enough to even saturate an USB 5V which is 2A. Hence the tantalum capacitor. Else you will end up in a perpetual reboot, where the MCU boots, browns-out, and reboots, ad nauseum. And you have all these auxiliary sensors which draw power, some quite a lot.
As I said you may really want to see what others have done about this, but that’s up to you, I guess part of the learning experience. I am very interested in the progress.
I can show you an MCU I fried with an LDO without a snubber and not even load connected. It went so hot it glowed red and burst in my face. Luckily I wear safety goggles all the time.
For the proper way of building the MCU power supply please check this thread
Except in your case you also need the tantalum capacitor boot surge buffer.
Come back and report, and please wear safety equipment when testing this.